Scientific Linux (SL) is a Linux distribution based on RedHat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). There are other distributions derived from RHEL, the probably most prominent one is CentOS. I guess most of what is written here applies to any Linux distribution derived from RHEL.
loadkeys on the console like this: loadkeys de-latin1-nodeadkeys (the file loaded is /lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwertz/de-latin1-nodeadkeys.map.gz)
find /lib/kbd/keymaps/ | sort | less
/etc/sysconfig/keyboard (entry KEYTABLE)
system-config-keyboard, if X is available.